Ensure your phyllo dough is defrosted.
Use a food processor to chop nuts finely.
In a mixing bowl, combine the nuts and the cinnamon; set aside.
Soften your butter (or coconut oil) by blitzing it in the microwave for a few seconds, or allow it to reach ambient temperature; this makes it easier to work with as you go.
Remove the phyllo dough from the packaging. Keep a damp towel handy and place it over the phyllo dough as you work to ensure it doesn’t dry out.
Butter a baking dish. Cut the phyllo dough to fit the dish.
Place 2-3 sheets of phyllo into the dish and brush with butter or oil. Repeat this 2-3 times for a base layer of 6-9 buttered phyllo layers.
Add a layer of cinnamon nuts; top with a layer of 2-3 phyllo sheets, and brush with butter.
Add a second layer of nuts and top with 2-3 phyllo sheets brushed with butter. Add cut phyllo scraps (if you have any) and another 2-3 phyllo sheets and brush with butter to complete the top layer of the baklava.
Preheat the oven to 350ºF.
Use a sharp knife to cut almost completely through the baklava, but leave about ½” uncut from the bottom. You can cut any shapes you like. Small squares or diamonds are more traditional shapes, but I love a palm-sized behemoth slice of baklava, too.
Bake the baklava until crisp and golden, which will take 45 - 60 minutes depending on the number of phyllo layers you’ve incorporated.
As the baklava bakes, you can make your simple syrup. Combine water and sugar in a saucepan and bring to boiling. Reduce the heat once it starts to boil and allow the mixture to simmer for 15 minutes.
Whisk in your maple syrup, vanilla extract, and optional rosewater extract and allow the simple syrup to simmer for another 15 minutes.
Once the baklava has cooled completely, cut the shapes all the way to the bottom of the pan and pour on the syrup. If you can resist, wait 1-2 hours or so to let the syrup really soak into the pastry and nuts.